Module 2: Actors in Cyberbullying

1) Key Concepts

Cyber-victim: The student targeted by harmful digital actions. May experience fear, anxiety, low self-esteem, withdrawal from peers and school.
Cyber-aggressor: The individual (or group) initiating harmful acts online. Motivations vary: power, revenge, entertainment, peer pressure.
Cyber-bystander/observer: Witnesses of cyberbullying.

2) Statistics and Research Insights

Research (e.g., EU Kids Online) shows that bystanders are present in over 80% of cyberbullying cases.
Victims often do not report unless they feel supported by peers.
Empowering bystanders to act constructively reduces the longevity and intensity of cyberbullying.

3) Consequences by Role

Victims: Isolation, stress, poor academic outcomes.
Aggressors: Increased risk of antisocial behaviour, disciplinary sanctions, legal consequences.
Bystanders: Feelings of guilt, fear, normalization of harmful behaviour if they remain silent.

4) Frameworks and References

DigCompEdu: Focus on “Empowering Learners” and “Responsible Use.”

SEL (Social and Emotional Learning): Empathy and responsibility as core competences.

National guidelines: Anti-bullying strategies emphasise bystander intervention.

5) Suggested Activities

Video case study: Show a short awareness video on cyberbullying actors, followed by discussion.
Roleplay: Students act as victim, aggressor, and bystander to explore perspectives and choices.
Empathy map: Groups complete an empathy chart (“What does the victim feel/see/think/do?”).
Action plan exercise: Students design strategies for bystanders to help in real situations.